Green Revolution: The Green Revolution was a period of increased agricultural productivity in the mid-20th century that aimed to increase food production in developing countries. It was driven by the use of modern agricultural technologies, such as high-yield crops, irrigation systems, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides.

The Green Revolution was initiated by Norman Borlaug, a scientist who developed high-yield, disease-resistant varieties of wheat that were well-suited to the growing conditions in developing countries. These new crops led to increased yields, improved food security, and reduced poverty in many parts of the world.

Elements of Green Revolution

• Using High-Yield Variety (HYV) Seeds to increase food production
• Incorporating various Irrigation methods.
• Mechanization of major agricultural practices.
• Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
• Dual cropping in the present farmland.
• Counting expansion of the farming field.

Green Revolution in India

The Green Revolution in India refers to the period of increased agricultural productivity in India in the 1960s and 1970s, driven by the adoption of modern agricultural technologies, such as high-yield crops, irrigation systems, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides.

The Green Revolution in India had several key benefits:

• Increased Food Production: The introduction of high-yield crops and modern agricultural practices led to a significant increase in food production in India, particularly in the states of Punjab and Haryana.
• Improved Food Security: The increase in food production helped to improve food security in India, reducing the number of people who suffer from malnutrition and hunger.
• Increased Agricultural Productivity: The use of modern agricultural technologies, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improved the efficiency and productivity of agriculture in India.

• Economic Growth: The Green Revolution had a positive impact on the economy of India, as increased food production and agricultural productivity led to economic growth and job creation.

Features of Green Revolution in India

• Adoption of Modern Agricultural Technologies: The Green Revolution in India was driven by the widespread adoption of modern agricultural technologies, including high-yield crops, irrigation systems, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides.

• Increased Food Production: The introduction of high-yield crops and modern agricultural practices led to a significant increase in food production in India, particularly in the states of Punjab and Haryana.
• Focus on Wheat and Rice: The Green Revolution in India primarily focused on the production of wheat and rice, which are two of the most important staple foods in India.
• Government Support: The Green Revolution in India was initiated and supported by the government, which provided subsidies for the purchase of seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation equipment, and encouraged the adoption of modern agricultural practices.
• Private-Sector Involvement: The Green Revolution in India also involved the private sector, including multinational corporations and local companies, which provided seeds, fertilizers, and other inputs to farmers.
• Improved Food Security: The increase in food production helped to improve food security in India, reducing the number of people who suffer from malnutrition and hunger.
• Increased Agricultural Productivity: The use of modern agricultural technologies, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improved the efficiency and productivity of agriculture in India.
• Economic Growth: The Green Revolution had a positive impact on the economy of India, as increased food production and agricultural productivity led to economic growth and job creation.

• Limitations and Negative Impacts: Despite its many benefits, the Green Revolution in India was not without its limitations and negative impacts, including increased dependence on chemical inputs, reduced soil fertility, and increased water usage, as well as unequal distribution of benefits.

Impact of Green Revolution in India

The Green Revolution in India had both positive and negative impacts on the country’s agricultural sector, economy, and society. Some of the key impacts are:

• Increased Food Production: The Green Revolution led to a significant increase in food production in India, particularly in the states of Punjab and Haryana. This helped to improve food security and reduce the number of people who suffered from malnutrition and hunger.
• Improved Agricultural Productivity: The introduction of modern agricultural technologies, such as high-yield crops, chemical fertilizers, and irrigation systems, led to improved efficiency and productivity in Indian agriculture.
• Economic Growth: The increased food production and agricultural productivity contributed to economic growth in India, creating jobs and increasing incomes for farmers and other workers in the agricultural sector.
• Dependence on Chemical Inputs: The Green Revolution in India relied heavily on the use of chemical inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides, which led to an increased dependence on these inputs.
• Reduced Soil Fertility: Overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as monoculture farming practices, reduced soil fertility in many parts of India.
• Environmental Degradation: The increased use of chemical inputs and irrigation systems, as well as the conversion of forests and other natural habitats into agricultural lands, led to environmental degradation in many parts of India.
• Unequal Distribution of Benefits: The benefits of the Green Revolution were not evenly distributed across India, and many rural communities, particularly in poorer states, did not see significant improvements in their standard of living.

• Impact on Traditional Agricultural Practices: The Green Revolution in India led to the marginalization of traditional agricultural practices, as well as the loss of biodiversity and the displacement of small-scale farmers.

Green Revolution Schemes in India

Prime Minister Narendra Modi supported the ‘Krishonnati Yojana’, the umbrella scheme of Green Revolution in India from 2017 to 2020 with a central share of Rs. 33,269.976 crores.

• The Umbrella plan Green insurgency Krishonnati Yojana includes 11 Schemes under it.
• It hopes to foster agribusiness and a unified area in a logical and comprehensive way.
• It aims at expanding usefulness, creation, and better profits from produce.
• It focuses upon the creation framework, lessening the expense of creation and showcasing of horticulture and partnered produce.

The 11 plans that are essential for the Umbrella Schemes under the Green Revolution in India are:

• National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
• Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)
• Submission on Agriculture Extension (SMAE)
• National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)
• Sub-Mission on Seeds and Planting Material (SMSP)
• Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation (SMAM)
• Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plan Quarantine (SMPPQ)
• Integrated Scheme on Agriculture Census, Economics, and Statistics (ISACES)
• National e-Governance Plan (NeGP-A)
• Integrated Scheme on Agricultural Cooperation (ISAC)
• Integrated Scheme on Agricultural Marketing (​ISAM)

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By Team Learning Mantras