Spermatogenesis – Class 12 | Chapter – 1 | Short Notes Series PDF

Spermatogenesis: Spermatogenesis is a process of developing male gametes, known as sperm within the male reproductive organs, the testes. In this process, each sperm containing a single copy of each chromosome. In order to create the haploid gamete, a cell undergoes the process of meiosis in which the genome is replicated and divided twice to produce four haploid gametes.

The spermatogenic cells divide by mitosis, then meiosis to form gametes, which mature into sperm by the process of spermiogenesis. Unusually, the developing spermatogenic cells remain connected by cytoplasmic bridges, until they have formed a mature spermatozoan.

Process of Spermatogenesis

Stage 1: The Diploid spermatogonia is situated in the seminiferous tubules which include twice the total number of chromosomes. This replicates mitotically in interphase before the method of meiosis 1 to create 46 pairs of sister chromatids.

Stage 2: In this, the chromatids allow the exchange of genetic information through the synapsis process. It is done before dividing into haploid spermatocytes through meiosis.

Stage 3: In this division, the new two daughter cells will further divide into 4 spermatids, having unique chromosomes that are approximately half in number to the original spermatogonium.

Stage 4: In this stage, the cells move from the lumen of the testes to the epididymis. They get mature and developed into four sperm cells with the growth of microtubules on the centrioles to develop an axoneme. The remaining centrioles elongate and develop into sperm tail.

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By Team Learning Mantras