Wheatstone Bridge:Wheatstone Bridge is a type of electrical circuit used to measure unknown resistance values. It was invented by Samuel Hunter Christie in 1833 and later improved by Charles Wheatstone in 1843. The Wheatstone bridge consists of four resistors arranged in a bridge configuration, as shown in the diagram below.
R2
|
Vin — R1 — R3 — R4 — Vo
|
Rx
Wheatstone Bridge operates on the principle of balancing the potential difference across two arms of the bridge. When the bridge is balanced, the voltage difference between the points “Vin” and “Vo” is zero. By measuring the input voltage and the resistance values of R1, R2, R3, and R4, the unknown resistance value “Rx” can be calculated.
A Wheatstone bridge circuit consists of four arms, of which two arms consist of known resistances while the other two arms consist of an unknown resistance and a variable resistance. The circuit also consists of a galvanometer and an electromotive force source. The emf source is attached between points a and b while the galvanometer is connected between points c and d. The current that flows through the galvanometer depends on its potential difference.
It is a simple electrical circuit that is used to measure an unknown resistance. The circuit consists of four resistors arranged in a bridge configuration, with a known voltage applied across the bridge and the unknown resistor placed in one of the arms of the bridge. The voltage difference between two points in the circuit is measured, and the resistance of the unknown resistor can be calculated from this measurement.
The basic principle of the Wheatstone bridge is that the resistance values of the four resistors are adjusted until the voltage difference between the two points in the circuit is zero, indicating that the bridge is in balance. This balance occurs when the sum of the resistance values in the two arms of the circuit on either side of the unknown resistor is equal.
Once the bridge is in balance, the resistance of the unknown resistor can be calculated using Ohm’s Law, which states that the voltage across a resistor is proportional to the current flowing through it. The resistance of the unknown resistor can be calculated by dividing the voltage difference across the bridge by the current flowing through it.
It is widely used in many applications, including strain gauge sensors, resistance thermometers, and other types of resistance-based sensors. The principle of the Wheatstone bridge can also be applied to other types of measurement, such as impedance measurement in AC circuits.
Following is the formula used for the Wheatstone bridge:
R = PS/Q
Where,
It is a commonly used electrical circuit that is used to measure an unknown electrical resistance. Some of the key applications of the Wheatstone bridge include:
Temperature measurement: By using temperature-sensitive resistors, such as thermistors, the Wheatstone bridge can be used to measure temperature.
The Wheatstone bridge has several limitations that should be considered when deciding whether it is the best choice for a particular application. Some of the key limitations include:
Complexity: It can be a relatively complex circuit, which can make it difficult to design and construct, especially for inexperienced engineers.
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