Temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of an object or a substance. It is a physical quantity that expresses the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, which is related to the sensation of warmth or coldness that we feel.

Temperature is typically measured using a thermometer, which contains a temperature-sensitive material that expands or contracts as the temperature changes. The most commonly used temperature scales are Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), and Kelvin (K). Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are based on the freezing and boiling points of water at standard atmospheric pressure, while the Kelvin scale is based on the absolute zero point of temperature (the theoretical temperature at which all substances would have zero kinetic energy).