Systole is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which the heart muscles are contracted. Systole can be divided into atrial systole in which the atria contract, and ventricular systole when the ventricles contract. The other phase of the cardiac cycle is diastole, when all the muscles relax. Atrial systole moves blood from the atria into the ventricles, while ventricular systole moves blood out of the heart into the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Systole will end as diastole begins, and allows blood to fill the heart again. The following diagram shows systole in the context of the entire cardiac cycle.
Atrial Systole: Atrial systole particularly refers to one of the phases of the cardiac cycle. During the atrial systole the left and right atria get contracted at the same time and push blood into the right as well as left ventricle respectively.
Ventricular Systole: Ventricular systole is another phase of the cardiac cycle which induces self-shrinkage such that pressure in both the ventricles left and right rises to a level above in the two atrial chambers, thereby enclosing the tricuspid and mitral valves which are then restrained from getting inverted by chordae tendineae and the papillary valves. Ventricular systole is itself the origin of the pulse.
Mechanisms of systole consist of a combination of electrical impulses generated by the heart’s pacemaker that is sinoatrial node or SA node. Further, the effect of sinoatrial nodes on impulsive muscle cells inside which the interlinkage of the actin and myosin creates a mechanical force which then leads to contraction of cardiac muscles. Let’s understand it step by step:
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