Role of Pancreatic Juice – Class 11 | Chapter – 16 | Biology Short Notes Series PDF

Role of Pancreatic Juice: Pancreatic juice secreted by the pancreas contains a variety of enzymes, such as trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, pancreatic lipase, amylase etc. Trypsin and chymotrypsin help digest proteins; amylase help in digestion of carbohydrates; and lipase to break down fats. So, pancreatic juice helps in digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and protein.

Role of Pancreatic Juice

Pancreatic Enzymes

Pancreas creates natural juices called pancreatic enzymes to break down foods. These juices travel through pancreas via ducts. They empty into the upper part of your small intestine called the duodenum. Each day, pancreas makes about 8 ounces of digestive juice filled with enzymes. These are the different enzymes:

  • Lipase. This enzyme works together with bile, which liver produces, to break down fat in your diet. If you don’t have enough lipase, body will have trouble absorbing fat and the important fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Symptoms of poor fat absorption include diarrhea and fatty bowel movements.
  • Protease. This enzyme breaks down proteins in diet. It also helps protect from germs that may live in intestines, like certain bacteria and yeast. Undigested proteins can cause allergic reactions in some people.
  • Amylase. This enzyme helps break down starches into sugar, which body can use for energy. Shortage of Amylase can cause diarrhea from undigested carbohydrates.

Pancreatic Hormones

Many groups of cells make hormones inside your pancreas. Unlike enzymes that are released into your digestive system, hormones are released into your blood. They carry messages to other parts of your digestive system. Pancreatic hormones include:

  • Insulin. This hormone is made in cells of the pancreas known as beta cells. Beta cells make up about 75% of pancreatic hormone cells. Insulin is the hormone that helps your body use sugar for energy. Without enough insulin, your sugar levels rise in your blood and you develop diabetes.
  • Glucagon. Alpha cells make up about 20% of the cells in your pancreas that make hormones. They make glucagon. If your blood sugar gets too low, glucagon helps raise it by sending a message to your liver to release stored sugar.
  • Gastrin and amylin.  Gastrin is a hormone mainly made in the G cells in your stomach, but some is also made in the pancreas and upper small intestine. It stimulates your stomach to make gastric acid. Amylin is made in beta cells and helps control appetite and stomach emptying.


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By Team Learning Mantras