Ribosomes and Inclusion Bodies: Ribosome is the organelles which is associated with protein synthesis. Ribosomes are attached with the endoplasmic reticulum and formed rough endoplasmic reticulum. Inclusion bodies can be classified into distinct types based on their location, either at the nucleus or cytoplasm or at both the cell organelles.

Ribosomes and Inclusion Bodies

Ribosome

Ribosome is the organelles which is associated with protein synthesis. It is made up of two subunits. The larger one is spherical in shape and the smaller one is oval in shape. Ribosomes are attached with the endoplasmic reticulum and formed rough endoplasmic reticulum. As we know many things of the cell which are formed from protein are -enzymes, hormones, biomolecules, cell membrane, Cytoskeletal etc.

Types of Ribosomes

Ribosomes are of two types, free and fixed (also known as membrane-bound).

• Free Ribosomes: Some of the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm are not fixed to any other organelle. They are freely located in the cytoplasm in an unbound state. They are called free ribosomes. Free ribosomes synthesize proteins in the cytoplasm.
• Membrane-bound Ribosomes: Most of the ribosomes in a cell are placed on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. They are known as the attached or bound ribosomes. These ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell to the outside.

Functions

• Ribosomes are the sites for polypeptide or protein synthesis. Free ribosomes synthesize structural and enzymatic proteins for use inside the cell while the attached ribosomes synthesize proteins for transport. 
• They provide enzymes (e.g., Peptidyl transferase) and factors for the condensation of amino acids to form polypeptides. 
• They contain rRNA for providing attaching points to mRNA and tRNAs. 
• The ribosome has a tunnel for mRNA so that it can be translated properly. 
• A newly synthesized polypeptide is provided protection from cytoplasmic enzymes by enclosing it in the groove of the larger subunit of ribosome till it arrives at the secondary structure.

 Cell Inclusions 

The non living matters scattered in the cytoplasm are called cytoplasmic inclusions of ergastic substances or deutoplasm.

General Features of Inclusion Bodies

• They act as reserve deposits.
• Cell inclusions are generally acidophilic.
• A large number of nutrients can be stored in them by the cells and utilized when there is a shortage in the environment.
• These can be seen as pink structures under the microscope when stained with gypsum or methylene blue dye.

Classification of Inclusion Bodies

Inclusion bodies can be classified into distinct types based on their location, either at the nucleus or cytoplasm or at both the cell organelles. The different types of inclusion bodies are as follows:

• Intranuclear inclusions
• Infection inclusion bodies.
• Intracytoplasmic inclusions.
• Physiological inclusion of bodies.

Inclusion bodies can exist in a bacterium or eukaryotic cell in the form of cystic lesions, fungal infections, virus-infected cells, bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, neoplasms, and blood dyscrasias.

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By Team Learning Mantras