Pressure: Pressure is the amount of force per unit area that is exerted on a surface by a fluid or a solid. It is defined as the force applied perpendicularly to the surface divided by the area of the surface. In other words, pressure is the measure of the amount of force that is distributed over a given area.
The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa), which is defined as one Newton per square meter (N/m²). Other common units of pressure include pounds per square inch (psi), atmospheres (atm), and bars (bar).
Pressure plays an important role in many areas of science and engineering, particularly in fluid mechanics. In a fluid, pressure is related to the density, velocity, and viscosity of the fluid, as well as to external forces such as gravity or mechanical forces. Understanding the behavior of pressure in fluids is crucial for the design and analysis of many fluid systems, including hydraulic systems, piping networks, and aerodynamic structures.
In solids, pressure is related to the stress applied to the material, which can cause deformation or changes in the material’s mechanical properties. In materials science and engineering, the study of the effects of pressure on the behavior of materials is known as “high-pressure physics” or “high-pressure engineering”.
There are several units of pressure that are commonly used in science and engineering. Some of the most commonly used units include:
These are just a few of the many units of pressure that are used in science and engineering. It is important to be aware of the units of pressure being used in a particular application to ensure that measurements are accurate and consistent.
Pressure is affected by several factors, including:
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