Predation – Class 12 | Chapter – 13| Biology Short Notes Series PDF
Predation: It is a biological interaction in which one organism, called the predator, kills and eats another organism, called the prey. The predator benefits from the interaction by obtaining food, while the prey may suffer harm or death. Predation plays an important role in many ecosystems, as it helps to control populations of prey species and influences the distribution and diversity of other species.
Examples of predators include lions, wolves, eagles, snakes, and spider. Examples of prey include antelopes, rabbits, fish, and insects. Predation can also occur in aquatic environments, such as the relationship between sharks and fish, or in parasitic relationships, such as the relationship between fleas and mammals.
Predator Adaptations
Predators have evolved various adaptations that help them to be successful in capturing and killing prey. Some of these adaptations include:
- Camouflage: Some predators have evolved coloration and patterns that blend in with their surroundings, making it easier for them to approach their prey unnoticed.
- Sharp teeth and claws: These adaptations help predators to capture and hold onto their prey, and to kill it more effectively.
- Speed and agility: Many predators are fast and agile, which allows them to chase and catch their prey.
- Sensory adaptations: Many predators have keen senses, such as vision, hearing, or smell, that help them to locate and track their prey.
- Hunting tactics: Some predators use specific tactics to capture their prey, such as stalking, ambushing, or herding.
- Strength: Some predators are physically strong, which helps them to overpower their prey.
These adaptations have evolved over time through natural selection and are crucial for the survival of predators in their environments.
Types of Predation
There are several types of Predation, including:
- Carnivores: These are predators that feed on other animals, such as lions, wolves, and hawks.
- Omnivores: These are predators that feed on both plants and animals, such as bears, raccoons, and humans.
- Parasites: These are predators that live on or inside other organisms, often causing harm to their host, such as ticks, lice, and tapeworms.
- Apex predators: These are predators at the top of the food chain that have no natural predators, such as sharks, crocodiles, and large cats.
- Secondary predators: These are predators that feed on prey that have been captured or killed by other predators, such as vultures and hyenas.
- Insect predators: These are predators that belong to the insect kingdom and feed on other insects, such as ladybugs, praying mantises, and dragonflies.
These types of predators play an important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems by controlling populations of prey species and influencing the distribution and diversity of other species.
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