Phases of Growth in Plants: In general there are three phases of growth in Plants: Elongation, Meristematic and Maturation.
The tip region of the roots (lower part of the plant) and the Shoot (upper part of the plant) consists of the meristematic tissue as it always keeps growing.
The characteristics of Meristematic cells in the Formative Phase are:
The cells which are present in the next region after the meristematic cells belong to the elongation region. The enlargement of the cell takes place in the elongation phase. This phase is also marked by the formation of the new cell wall, vacuoles, etc.
The characteristics of the cell in the Elongation Phase are:
The cells in the maturation phase achieve their maximum size. They do not further divide into cells. The maturation zone is found as the mass differentiation phase where cells differentiate to perform special functions.
The cell in the Maturation Phase have proper wall thickening and protoplasmic modifications of the cells take place.
After studying all three phases of cell growth the three main processes which occur in these phases are –
The first two stages of plant growth can lead to an increase in the plant size whereas the third phase is more marked to bring maturity in the cells. During differentiation, the cells show structural changes in the protoplasm and the cell wall.
The number of cells in organisms increases in a number of ways. The growth rate is the increase in growth per unit of time. This can be expressed mathematically by a formula.
There are two types of growth rates in plants: Arithmetic and Geometric Growth Rates.
Mitosis is a process of nuclear division that occurs when a parent cell in eukaryotic cells divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
To calculate Arithmetic Growth, the Formula is:
Lt = L0 + rt
Where,
Through geometric growth, the cell divides by mitotic division and two cells are formed. Both the cells then again divide to form two more cells for each. Thus, now the number of cells doubles at each stage.
The geometric plant growth can be represented in the form of an S-shaped graph given as a Sigmoid Growth curve in plants.
Formula that Represents this Sigmoid Growth Curve is as Follows:
Wt = W0 * ert
Where,
Growth is a natural process and unlike human beings plants have different forms of growth and carry out it in a very different way. The process which helps the growth to the fullest is the particular process known a photosynthesis. It is the process that plants perform in the presence of sunlight, water and organic compounds in order to produce food in the form of ATP. This helps the plant to grow and to provide energy to each and every cell of its structure.
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