Number of Species on Earth and in India – Class 12 | Chapter – 15 | Biology Short Notes Series PDF

Number of Species on Earth and in India: It is estimated that there are approximately 8.7 million species on Earth. However, it is important to note that this is only a rough estimate, and the actual number of species is likely much higher, as many species have not yet been discovered or described by science.

In terms of species diversity in India, it is estimated that the country is home to over 450,000 species of plants and animals, including over 90,000 species of insects, 2,000 species of fish, 1,200 species of birds, and over 400 species of mammals. India is also known for its high levels of endemism, with many species found only in the country and nowhere else in the world. These species are of great importance for maintaining biodiversity and for the livelihoods and cultural heritage of the local communities.

Types of Species on Earth

There are several types of species on Earth, including:

• Endemic Species: Endemic species are those that are found only in a specific geographical area, such as an island, a specific region, or even a single mountain. These species have evolved to live in the unique conditions of their specific area and are typically highly adapted to the local environment.
• Invasive Species: Invasive species are those that are introduced to a new geographical area, often from another region, and can cause significant ecological and economic damage to the local environment. They often outcompete native species for resources and can upset the balance of the ecosystem.
• Threatened Species: Threatened species are those that are at risk of extinction due to a range of factors, including habitat loss, hunting, disease, and climate change. There are several categories of threatened species, including endangered, vulnerable, and critically endangered species.
• Keystone Species: Keystone species play a critical role in maintaining the structure and stability of an ecosystem. These species have a disproportionate impact on the environment and can influence the survival of other species in the ecosystem.
• Umbrella Species: Umbrella species are those that serve as a representative for a larger group of species. By conserving habitat for an umbrella species, it is possible to protect a range of other species that also live in the same area.

• Bioindicator Species: Bioindicator species are those that are sensitive to environmental changes and can be used to monitor the health of an ecosystem. By monitoring the health of these species, it is possible to get an early warning of potential environmental problems.

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By Team Learning Mantras