Muscle Tissue – Class 11 | Chapter – 7 | Short Notes Series PDF

Muscle tissue is a specialized tissue found in animals which functions by contracting, thereby applying forces to different parts of the body. Muscle tissue consists of fibers of muscle cells connected together in sheets and fibers. Together these sheets and fibers and known as muscles, and control the movements of an organisms as well as many other contractile functions. There are three different types of muscle found in animals, depending on their use. While these muscles differ slightly, they function in a similar way.

Properties of Muscle Tissue

  • Contractibility– It is the ability of muscle cells to shorten forcefully.

  • Extensibility– A muscle has the ability to be stretched.

  • Elasticity– The muscles have the ability to recoil back to its original length after being stretched.

  • Excitability– The muscle tissue responds to a stimulus delivered from a motor neuron or hormone.

Structure of Muscle Tissue

  • The muscular tissues are bundled together and surrounded by a tough connective tissue similar to cartilage known as epimysium.
  • The bundle of nerve cells that run in long fibers called fascicles are surrounded by the epimysium.
  • The fascicles are surrounded by a protective layer known as perimysium. It allows the flow of nerves and blood to the individual fibers.
  • Another protective layer, the endomysium surrounds the fibers.
  • These layers and muscles help in the contraction of different parts of the muscles.  The different bundles slide past one another as they contract.
  • The epimysium connects to the tendons attached to the periosteum connective tissue that surrounds the bones. This helps in the movement of the skeleton when the muscles contract.
  • The epimysium connects to other connective tissues to produce a force on the organs and control everything from circulation to food processing.

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By Team Learning Mantras