Morphology – Definition and Meaning– Class 11 | Chapter – 5 | Short Notes Series PDF

Morphology – (Morphe = form + logos = study): It deals with the study of forms and features of different plant organs like roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits etc.

The body of a typical angiospermic plant is differentiated into :

1) an underground root system

2) an aerial shoot system.

The shoot system consists of stem (including branches), leaves, flowers and fruits. The roots, stems and leaves are vegetative parts, while flowers constitute the reproductive part.

Categories of Morphology

There are different categories of morphology:

• Tissue Morphology
• Organ Morphology
• Cellular Morphology
• The Whole Organism

Tissue Morphology

Different morphological functions can exist in tissues. Long, twisted bundles are formed by skeletal muscle cells. Lung tissue composed of epithelial cells has grape-like cell sacs that effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. Walking and running cause stress to the cartilage.

Organ Morphology

Similar patterns of structure and function can be found in organ morphology. There are four chambers in the human heart. The two lower chambers, the ventricles, have thicker, more muscular walls than the two higher chambers, the atria. Due to the requirement to pump blood to the enormous portions of the body, the walls of the ventricles are thick.

Cellular Morphology

Cells come in various shapes and sizes. Walls produced by epithelial cells prevent objects from moving freely from one side to the other. Squamous denotes a broad body, cuboidal denotes a cube, and columnar denotes a rectangle. While fat-storing cells are large and spherical, nerve cells are thin and long.

The Whole Organism

The level of the whole organism is the highest in morphology. The two fundamental anatomical planes in animals are bilateral symmetry (like a lobster) and radial symmetry (like a starfish). The fin shape for swimming and limb shape for sprinting is another example of the diverse morphology of organisms.

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By Team Learning Mantras