Microbes in Sewage Treatment: Sewage refers to the municipal wastewater that is generated in cities and towns on daily basis. Researchers estimate the indicator species, such as coliform bacteria or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the sewage water. Although most of the coliform bacterias do not cause diseases, these are commonly found in the human gut and sewage. Their presence indicates that human waste has reached the water supply.
Human excreta is the major component of it, along with large amounts of organic matter and microbes, out of which many are pathogenic. So, it cannot be directly discharged into natural water bodies like rivers, streams, etc. Hence, sewage has to be treated in Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in order to make it less polluting before disposal. The treatment of wastewater is done by the heterotrophic microbes, naturally present in the sewage. Thus, Microbes Sewage treatment, also known as wastewater treatment, is the removal of impurities from sewage before it enters natural water bodies.
Residential and industrial establishments generate sewage. It involves household waste liquid from bathrooms, toilets, kitchens, sinks, etc., disposed of through sewers. In certain regions, sewage also carries wet waste from industry and commerce.
1. Greywater is water produced from domestic activities like laundry, dishwashing, and bathing and can be reused more readily.
2. Blackwater comes from toilets and contains human waste. The parting and draining of household waste into greywater and blackwater have become more common in today’s world.
Since sewage contains toxic materials, microorganisms play an important role by removing the toxic using sewage treatment.
Sewage treatment is performed in two stages:
1. Primary treatment
2. Secondary treatment
Primary Sewage Treatment: This process is also known as a physical process. In primary treatment, sewage is collected in a basin where sludge can settle to the base, whereas oil and lighter substances float on the top. Substances in these layers are then removed, and the remaining liquid is sent to secondary treatment. Sewage sludge is treated in a separate process called sludge digestion.
Secondary Sewage Treatment: This process is also called the biological process. In secondary treatment, dissolved and suspended biological matter are removed, often with the help of microorganisms in a controlled environment.
There are various microorganisms used in sewage treatment, but among these three types of bacteria play a key role in keeping sewage clean. Each of these bacteria contributes to the treatment process in a different way, ensuring minimal influence on the environment.
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