Magnetic Properties of Materials – Class 12 | Chapter – 5 | Physics Short Notes Series PDF for NEET & JEE

Magnetic Properties of Materials: The magnetic properties of materials are important for understanding their response to an external magnetic field. Diamagnetic materials are not attracted to a magnetic field, paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted, ferromagnetic materials are strongly attracted and can be permanently magnetized, ferrimagnetic materials have opposing sublattices and exhibit permanent magnetism, and antiferromagnetic materials have magnetic moments on adjacent ions that cancel out the overall magnetic moment.

Magnetic Properties of Materials

Magnetic properties of materials are the characteristics of a material that determine its response to an external magnetic field. The magnetic properties of materials can be classified into two main categories: diamagnetic and paramagnetic.

• Diamagnetic materials: Diamagnetic materials are materials that are not attracted to a magnetic field. They have a weak, negative susceptibility and are repelled by a magnetic field. Examples of diamagnetic materials include copper, silver, gold, and carbon.
• Paramagnetic materials: Paramagnetic materials are materials that are weakly attracted to a magnetic field. They have a weak, positive susceptibility and are attracted to a magnetic field. Examples of paramagnetic materials include aluminum, platinum, and titanium.
• Ferromagnetic materials: Ferromagnetic materials are materials that are strongly attracted to a magnetic field. They have a very high, positive susceptibility and can be permanently magnetized. Examples of ferromagnetic materials include iron, cobalt, and nickel.
• Ferrimagnetic materials: Ferrimagnetic materials are materials that have a magnetization that arises from two opposing sublattices, and they exhibit permanent magnetism. Examples of ferrimagnetic materials include magnetite, which is a naturally occurring mineral, and yttrium iron garnet.

• Antiferromagnetic materials: Antiferromagnetic materials are materials that exhibit no net magnetic moment even though the material may be composed of magnetic ions. They occur in materials in which magnetic moments on adjacent ions align in a way that cancels the overall magnetic moment.

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