Inductance – Class 12 | Chapter – 6 | Physics Short Notes Series PDF for NEET & JEE

Inductance: Inductance is a fundamental property of an electrical circuit that describes its ability to store energy in a magnetic field. It is the property of an electrical conductor that opposes a change in the flow of current through it by producing a counter-electromotive force (EMF) proportional to the rate of change of current. The unit of inductance is the henry (H), named after American scientist Joseph Henry, who discovered electromagnetic induction independently of Michael Faraday.

An inductor is a passive electrical component that consists of a coil of wire that is used to store energy in a magnetic field. When a voltage is applied to an inductor, the magnetic field surrounding the coil increases and stores energy. When the voltage is removed, the magnetic field collapses and releases the stored energy. This energy can be used to maintain the flow of current in the circuit when the voltage source is removed, or to filter out unwanted frequencies in a signal.

The amount of inductance in a circuit depends on the physical characteristics of the inductor, including the number of turns in the coil, the cross-sectional area of the coil, and the material of the core. The inductance also depends on the frequency of the signal passing through the circuit; as the frequency increases, the inductance decreases, which can lead to unwanted effects in some applications.

Applications of Inductance

Inductance is a fundamental property of electrical circuits, and it has many important applications in various fields, including:

• Power Supplies: Inductors are commonly used in power supply circuits to filter out unwanted high-frequency noise and provide a stable source of DC voltage. They can also be used in combination with capacitors to create voltage regulators and voltage converters.
• Signal Processing: Inductors are used in electronic filters, such as low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop filters, to pass or block specific frequency components of an electrical signal.
• Transformers: Inductors are a key component in transformers, which are used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another at different voltage levels. They are used in power transmission systems, as well as in electronic equipment, such as audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.
• Electromagnets: Inductors can be used to create electromagnets, which are used in a variety of applications, such as magnetic levitation, electric motors, and medical imaging.
• Wireless Communication: Inductors are used in the design of radio frequency (RF) circuits and antennas, which are used in wireless communication systems, such as cell phones, WiFi routers, and satellite communication systems.
• Lighting: Inductors are used in fluorescent lamps and other types of lighting to regulate the flow of current and control the brightness of the light.

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By Team Learning Mantras