Human Brain: The human brain is the root of our intelligence. It is the central unit of the human body, responsible for controlling physical functions, physiological processes, and cognitive skills. It regulates almost every element of the human body. The brain processes information coming from all the body parts. It works by sending and receiving messages to various regions of the body via neurons. The human brain has the same fundamental anatomy as most other mammals, but the human brain is bigger in size and more evolved than other mammalian brains.
The brain is the source of human intelligence. The human brain is mostly made up of neurons, which are the basic building blocks of the brain and nervous system. According to recent estimates, the brain has anywhere from 86 billion to 100 billion neurons. On average, the brain in adult humans weighs between 1.0 kg and 1.5 kg.
Our brain has two types of tissues :
The brain is surrounded by a skull, which is made up of 22 bones – 14 are facial bones and 8 are cranial bones. The skull protects the brain from the frontal, lateral, and dorsal directions. The brain is confined within the cranium and covered by cerebrospinal fluid.
The Cerebrospinal Fluid or CSF flows through the skull and spinal cord. It fills the empty areas on the brain’s surface. The Cerebrospinal Fluid protects the brain against immunological attacks. It acts as a buffer and protects the brain by cushioning mechanical shocks and neutralizing small jolts.
On average, 500 ml of Cerebrospinal Fluid is produced in a day by the specialized ependymal cells. Cerebrospinal Fluid keeps the brain buoyant. Specifically, the brain is suspended in a layer of CSF, where its weight is almost nullified. If the brain is not suspended in CSF, its weight will restrict its movement, cutting off blood flow to the bottom part of the brain. It would cause neuron death in the afflicted area.
The human brain comprises of three parts:
The largest part of the human brain is termed the forebrain. The forebrain is responsible for controlling emotions, hunger, sleep, body temperature, reproductive body parts, and functions. The forebrain is mainly made of three parts which are mentioned below:
The cerebrum is the brain’s biggest structure. It is made up of the cerebral cortex and subcortical tissues. The cerebrum controls the intellect, thinking process, reasoning, memory, consciousness, translation of touch, vision, and other senses. It consists of two cerebral hemispheres connected by thick, dense bands of fiber known as the corpus callosum. It’s divided into four lobes which are:
The cerebrum has an exterior portion, known as the cortex, or the cerebral mantle. The cortex has a huge surface area because it is very convoluted and consists of three parts:
Hypothalamus is a tiny and vital part of the human brain, positioned just underneath the thalamus. Hypothalamus is the main region of the brain, it regulates all the important functions of the human body that are mentioned below:
Midbrain is the central area of the brainstem between the thalamus and hypothalamus and is comparatively smaller in size. Midbrain is mainly made of two parts which are:
The hindbrain is the central part of the brain. It regulates all the body functions required for survival like breathing, sleep, heart beating, motor learning, and consciousness. The hindbrain is made of three parts which are mentioned below:
Some of the important functions of the Cerebellum are:
Pons perform various important functions such as:
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