Faradays Law of Induction – Class 12 | Chapter – 6 | Physics Short Notes Series PDF for NEET & JEE

Faradays Law of Induction: Faradays law of induction is a fundamental principle in electromagnetism, which describes the relationship between a changing magnetic field and the generation of an electric field. The law states that when the magnetic flux through a loop of wire changes, an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the wire. Faradays law of induction is a fundamental principle in electromagnetism, which describes the relationship between a changing magnetic field and the generation of an electric field. The law is essential for understanding the behavior of electromagnetic devices and the generation of electrical power.

Applications of Faradays Law of Induction

Faradays law of induction has many practical applications in our daily lives, as well as in various fields of science and technology. Some of the important applications of Faraday’s law of induction are:

• Electrical power generation: The basic principle of electrical power generation is Faradays law of induction. Generators are machines that use electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. These generators produce the electrical power that is distributed to our homes and businesses.
• Transformers: Transformers use Faradays law of induction to change the voltage and current of an alternating current (AC) power supply. Transformers are used to step up or step down the voltage of AC power, making it suitable for use in different applications.
• Induction heating: Induction heating is a process that uses Faradays law of induction to heat electrically conductive materials. This process is used in many applications, such as welding, cooking, and industrial processes.
• Magnetic levitation: Magnetic levitation (maglev) trains use Faradays law of induction to levitate and propel the train. The train is propelled forward by a magnetic field that changes direction and magnitude to keep the train moving along the track.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI is a medical imaging technique that uses Faradays law of induction to generate high-resolution images of the body’s internal structures. The technique uses a strong magnetic field to align the hydrogen atoms in the body’s tissues, and then measures the signals generated as the atoms return to their original state.

• Electric guitars: Electric guitars use Faradays law of induction to convert the vibrations of the guitar strings into an electrical signal. This signal is then amplified and played through speakers.

Derivation of Faradays Law of Induction

The magnitude of the induced EMF is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux and is given by the equation:

EMF = -dΦ/dt

where EMF is the electromotive force, Φ is the magnetic flux, and t is time. The negative sign in the equation indicates that the induced EMF produces a current that opposes the change in magnetic flux.

Faraday’s law has many practical applications, such as in generators, transformers, and induction motors. It is also essential for understanding electromagnetic waves and the behavior of electromagnetic radiation. Faraday’s law is closely related to Lenz’s law, which states that the direction of the induced EMF is always such as to oppose the change in magnetic flux that produced it.

According to Faraday’s second law of electromagnetic induction, we know that the induced emf in a coil is equal to the rate of change of flux linkage. Therefore,

E = N(dΦ/dt)

Considering Lenz’s law,

E = – N(dΦ/dt)

From the above equation, we can conclude the following

• Increase in the number of turns in the coil increases the induced emf
• Increasing the magnetic field strength increases the induced emf
• Increasing the speed of the relative motion between the coil and the magnet, results in the increased emf

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By Team Learning Mantras