Elisa and its uses – Class 12 | Chapter – 8 | Biology Short Notes Series PDF

Elisa and its uses: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an immunological assay commonly used to measure antibodies, antigens, proteins and glycoproteins in biological samples. Some examples include: diagnosis of HIV infection, pregnancy tests, and measurement of cytokines or soluble receptors in cell supernatant or serum. ELISA is the basic assay technique, known as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (also referred to as EIA: Enzyme Immunoassay) that is carried out to detect and measure antibodies, hormones, peptides and proteins in the blood.

ELISA tests can be classified into three types depending upon the different methods used for binding between antigen and antibodies, namely:

• Indirect ELISA – Antigen is coated to the microtiter well
• Sandwich ELISA – Antibody is coated on the microtiter well
• Competitive ELISA – Microtiter well which is antigen-coated is filled with the antigen-antibody mixture.

ELISA can be used to detect some of these conditions:

• Ebola
• Pernicious anaemia
• AIDS
• Rotavirus
• Lyme disease
• Syphilis
• Toxoplasmosis
• Zika virus
• Carcinoma of the epithelial cells

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By Team Learning Mantras