Difference between Dioecious and Monoecious Plants – Class 12 | Chapter – 1 | Short Notes Series PDF
Difference between Dioecious and Monoecious Plants: The term monoecious and dioecious is in connection with the sexual reproduction of plants. Monoecious refers to plants that have both male and female reproductive parts and so can undergo sexual reproduction on its own and doesn’t need a partner. Examples include Cornus alba, Yellow Trout Lily, corn, Cucurbits, etc. On the other hand, dioecious plants are the plants with only one type of sexual organs (either male or female) and thus requires a partner of the opposite sex to undergo sexual reproduction. Examples: Willows, papaya, date palm, etc.
Difference between Dioecious and Monoecious Plants
| Features | Monoecious | Dioecious |
| Reproductive organs in the plant | Both male and female reproductive organ on the same plant | Either male or female reproductive organ per plant |
| Flowers | Unisexual flowers on the same plant | Unisexual flowers on different plants |
| Production of sexual gametes | The same plant produces both male and female gamete | A single plant produces either male or female gamete |
| Pollination | Self-pollination and cross-pollination | Cross-pollination |
| Seed production | All plants produce seeds | Only female plants (50%) produce seeds |
| Genetic variation | Low due to self-pollination or inbreeding | High due to cross-pollination |
| Zygosity (zygote type) | Increased homozygosity | Increased heterozygosity |
| Effect of reproductive isolation | No effects as they are capable of self-pollination | Reproductive isolation prevents pollination |
| Examples | Corn and Cucurbits | Papaya and Date palm |
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