Decomposition Cycle – Class 12 | Chapter – 14 | Biology Short Notes Series PDF

Decomposition Cycle: The decomposition cycle is the process by which dead organic matter is broken down by decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, into simple inorganic compounds. This process is also known as the nutrient cycle. The decomposition cycle plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem by returning nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, to the soil for reuse by plants and other organisms. 

Stages of Decomposition Cycle

  • Death and decay: When an organism dies, it starts to decompose, breaking down into smaller pieces that can be more easily consumed by decomposers.
  • Consumption by decomposers: Bacteria and fungi feed on the dead organic matter, breaking it down into simpler compounds.
  • Absorption of nutrients: The decomposers absorb the nutrients released during the decomposition process, using them for their own growth and reproduction.
  • Release of nutrients: The decomposers release some of the nutrients back into the soil, where they can be taken up by plants and other organisms.
  • Reuse of nutrients: The nutrients that are released back into the soil are taken up by plants, which use them for their growth and reproduction. This completes the decomposition cycle, as the nutrients are now available for reuse by other organisms in the ecosystem.

Importance of Decomposition Cycle

  • Maintains the balance of nutrients: The decomposition cycle returns essential nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, back to the soil for reuse by plants and other organisms. This helps to maintain the balance of nutrients in the ecosystem, ensuring the sustainability of life.
  • Recycles nutrients: The decomposition cycle recycles nutrients, allowing them to be reused repeatedly by different organisms in the ecosystem. This helps to conserve finite resources and reduce waste.
  • Releases carbon dioxide: Decomposition releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is a key component of the carbon cycle. This helps to regulate the Earth’s climate and support life.
  • Supports food chains: The decomposition cycle provides a source of food and energy for decomposers, which in turn support the rest of the food chain. Without the decomposition cycle, dead organic matter would accumulate and disrupt the balance of the ecosystem.
  • Promotes soil fertility: The decomposition of organic matter releases nutrients that are important for the growth of plants, helping to promote soil fertility. This supports agriculture and the production of food for human consumption.


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By Team Learning Mantras