Darwins Theory of Evolution – Class 12 | Chapter – 7 | Biology Short Notes Series PDF

Darwins Theory of Evolution: The Theory of Evolution by natural selection was first formulated in Charles Darwin’s book “On the Origin of Species(opens in new tab)” published in 1859. In his book, Darwin describes how organisms evolve over generations through the inheritance of physical or behavioral traits, as National Geographic(opens in new tab) explains. The theory starts with the premise that within a population, there is variation in traits, such as beak shape in one of the Galapagos finches Darwin studied.

Darwins Theory of Evolution

According to the theory, individuals with traits that enable them to adapt to their environments will help them survive and have more offspring, which will inherit those traits. Individuals with less adaptive traits will less frequently survive to pass them on. Over time, the traits that enable species to survive and reproduce will become more frequent in the population and the population will change, or evolve, according to BioMed Central(opens in new tab). Through natural selection, Darwin suggested, genetically diverse species could arise from a common ancestor.

Features of Darwins Theory of Evolution

  • All organisms reproduce and multiply enormously.
  • No two individuals are alike. They are different from each other either in their size, shape, behavior, etc.
  • Some traits are consistently passed on from their parent to the offspring.
  • The rate of reproduction varies in all living species. Some reproduce more and some minimum.

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By Team Learning Mantras