Bulbourethral Gland: The bulbourethral glands are also called the Cowper’s glands. Similar to the other accessory glands, secretions of the Cowper’s glands also contribute to the semen. It adds substances rich in mucus which help in lubrication during sexual intercourse. The secretion helps by neutralizing the acidity in the urethra as a result of the passage of urine. This, in turn, makes the urethra more hospitable for the sperm in terms of its travel and survival.
The paired bulbourethral glands are roughly the size of a pea and are located in the deep perineal pouch. They are at the base of the penis and are lateral (to the side) and posterior to (behind) the urethra, which is the tube through which semen and urine exit the body.
They are exocrine glands with approximately 2.5 cm ducts that pass through the perineal membrane and into the nearby portion of the spongy urethra. When sexually aroused, the glands produce a mucous-like fluid called pre-ejaculate. The pre-ejaculate fluid is a viscous, clear, and salty liquid that neutralizes any residual acidity in the urethra. The now neutralized urethra is a more hospitable (as opposed to harmful) environment for the sperm to travel in.
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