Bio Geographic Regions and Provinces of India – Class 12 | Chapter – 15 | Biology Short Notes Series PDF

Bio Geographic Regions and Provinces of India: The Biogeographic regions are the large-scale biotic units that represent the major faunal and floral geographical divisions of the earth based on their natural biotic and abiotic components. They are determined by the unique combinations of physical and climatic features, such as climate, geology, topography, and soil, that influence the distribution and abundance of plant and animal species. Biogeographic regions provide important information for the understanding of species diversity, distribution patterns, and conservation of biodiversity.

There are several different systems for classifying the biogeographic regions of the world, but some of the most widely recognized include:

• The realm system: This system divides the world into 8 biotic regions based on the distribution of dominant taxa, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and plants.
• The biome system: This system classifies biotic regions based on dominant vegetation types, including forests, deserts, tundra, and grasslands.

• The ecoregion system: This system defines biotic regions based on ecological criteria, including climate, geology, and biotic interactions.

Bio Geographic Regions and Provinces of India

India is divided into six biogeographic regions, each with its own unique set of flora and fauna. These regions are:

• Himalayan Region: This region includes the northern states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, as well as parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal. It is characterized by high altitude forests, alpine meadows, and icy peaks.
• Desert Region: This region encompasses the western states of Rajasthan, Haryana, and Punjab, as well as parts of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. It is a barren and arid region, with sparse vegetation and unique species of flora and fauna adapted to the harsh conditions.
• Coastal Region: This region encompasses the long and narrow coastline of India, including the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. It is characterized by mangrove forests, coral reefs, and an abundance of marine life.
• Eastern Ghats Region: This region encompasses the eastern states of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu, and is characterized by rolling hills, dense forests, and a rich diversity of flora and fauna.

• Western Ghats Region: This region encompasses the western states of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, and is known for its lush and verdant forests, rolling hills, and an array of species found nowhere else in the world.

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By Team Learning Mantras