ATP and NADPH – Class 11 | Chapter – 12 | Biology Short Notes Series PDF
ATP and NADPH: ATP is an organic compound and hydrotrope that provides energy for many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis.
NADPH is a cofactor that is used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which utilizes NADPH as a reducing agent.
ATP can be used intravenously for heart related conditions. NADPH provides the reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions and the oxidation-reduction which are involved in protecting against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species, thereby allowing the regeneration of glutathione. NADPH is also used for anabolic pathways, such as cholesterol synthesis, steroid synthesis, ascorbic acid synthesis, xylitol synthesis, cytosolic fatty acid synthesis and microsomal fatty acid chain elongation.
Difference between ATP and NADPH
| ATP | NADPH |
| Adenosine Triphosphate is the full form of ATP. | NADPH is the abbreviated form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate |
| It is an energy-rich molecule consisting of adenosine and three phosphate groups hence the name. | It refers to a cofactor, which gives electrons and hydrogens to reactions that are catalysed by some enzyme. |
| Provides energy to various biochemical reactions. Therefore, it is called the energy currency of the cell. | It provides electrons and protons to the dark reaction of photosynthesis and is known as the cell’s reducing power. |
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