Animal Breeding – Class 12 | Chapter – 9 | Biology Short Notes Series PDF

Animal Breeding: Animal breeding is the process of selecting and mating animals with desirable traits to produce offspring with specific traits. It is used in agriculture, horticulture, and aquaculture to improve the genetic quality and productivity of crops, livestock, and fish.

Objectives of Animal Breeding

• Increased productivity: Animal breeding can be used to enhance traits such as milk production, meat yield, egg production, and growth rate.

• Improved health and disease resistance: Breeding can be used to reduce the risk of genetic disorders, increase resistance to diseases and parasites, and improve overall health and longevity.
• Adaptability: Breeding can be used to select animals that are well-adapted to specific climates, environments, and management systems.

• Genetic diversity: Animal breeding can be used to conserve genetic diversity, by preserving rare breeds and maintaining the genetic diversity of species.

Types of Animal Breeding

There are several types of animal breeding methods, including:

• Traditional breeding: This involves selecting and mating animals based on physical and behavioral traits, such as size, color, and temperament.
• Artificial Insemination (AI): This involves collecting semen from a male animal and artificially introducing it into the reproductive tract of a female animal.
• Embryo transfer: This involves removing embryos from a donor female and transferring them to a surrogate female for gestation and birth.
• Genomic selection: This involves using genomic information, such as DNA sequences, to predict the genetic merit of an animal for specific traits.
• Genetic engineering: This involves modifying the DNA of an animal to produce a specific trait, such as disease resistance or improved productivity.

• Crossbreeding: This involves mating animals from different breeds or species to produce offspring with desirable traits from both parents.

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By Team Learning Mantras