Angiosperm – Class 11 | Chapter – 3 | Short Notes Series PDF
Angisperms: The plants have flowers, where the male and female organs are developed into separate structures, and pollination occurs through air or insects. The seeds produced are developed into fruits. Thus, the seeds are enclosed after the fertilization process.
Characteristics of Angiosperms
- The size of an angiosperm varies from 0.1cm to more than 100m.
- Angiosperms are further classified into monocots and dicots.
- The reproduction takes place by the following methods:
- Sexually between pollen grains (male parts) and ovules (female part). The pollens are present in the flower’s stamen while the female organ is situated in the carpel. The ovule contains embryo sacs where Fertilization takes place.
- Double Fertilization is another way through which one male gamete fuses with another egg to form an embryo. This process is called Syngamy. In triple fusion, the other male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei to form an embryo or endosperm. As you see, Fertilization takes place twice in this process, hence the name.
- Double Fertilization is another way through which one male gamete fuses with another egg to form an embryo. This process is called Syngamy. In triple fusion, the other male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei to form an embryo or endosperm. As you see, Fertilization takes place twice in this process, thus the name!
Classification of Angiosperms
The classification of angiosperms is explained below:
Monocotyledons
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The seeds have a single cotyledon.
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The leaves are simples and the veins are parallel.
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This group contains adventitious roots.
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Each floral whorl has three members.
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It has closed vascular bundles and large in number.
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For eg., banana, sugarcane, lilies, etc.
Dicotyledons
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The seeds of these plants have two cotyledons.
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They contain tap roots, instead of adventitious roots.
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The leaves depict a reticulate venation.
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The flowers are tetramerous or pentamerous and the vascular bundles are organized in rings.
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For eg., grapes, sunflower, tomatoes, etc.
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